The Effect of Corrective Exercises on Pain, Function, Proprioception, and Muscle Activity in People with Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD)

Background and Objectives: Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) is one of the most important risk factors for overhead-throwing athletes and adversely affects the biomechanics of the Glenohumeral joint during overhead-throwing motions. The aim of this study was to review all the articles performed in the field on the effect of corrective exercises on pain, function, proprioception, and muscle activity in people with GIRD Materials and Methods: Reputable domestic and external electronic databases such as Sid, Magiran, Noormags, Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, Trip Database, and Scopus were searched in all years through relevant keywords. A total of 444 studies were reviewed, of which 7 articles were accepted based on inclusion and exclusion criteria’s. The PEDro scale was used to evaluate the quality of selected articles. Results: 2 examined the effect of stretching exercises, 2 examined the effect of rotator cuff exercises, 1 examined the effect of throwing exercises augmented, 1 examined the effect of facial manipulation, and 1 compared the effects of Kinesio Taping and stretching in people with GIRD. The results suggested that corrective exercises were effective in reducing pain and improving function, proprioception, and muscle activity in people with GIRD. Conclusion: A corrective exercises proposed to improve muscle activity, function, and proprioception and reduce pain in people with GIRD.